Squalene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon found in various tissues of the human body in various proportions and is a valuable substance that has long been used for its various biological properties.
Squalene has been found in large quantities in the liver of deep sea sharks, which live in a unique deep sea environment, and research into its action and safety has led to its increasing use.
Squalene has been proven to help revive the body tissues by providing them with oxygen and stimulating metabolism. In recent years, squalene has been the subject of extensive research and clinical trials around the world due to its antiseptic, regenerative and resilience-boosting properties.
Squalene is a type of unsaturated fatty acid and is found in shark liver oil, also known as deep sea shark extract. Unsaturated fatty acids are fatty acids needed by the human body, with different types serving different functions.
Sharks are a group of cartilaginous fish, excluding rays and gillnose sharks, which are biologically very interesting because they appeared on Earth 400 million years ago and have survived until today without changing their shape. It is believed that sharks were able to survive the Ice Age, when dinosaurs and mammoths became extinct, by moving their habitat to the deep sea.
At more than 1,000 meters deep, the sea depths are a world of darkness, where no light reaches the surface, and high water pressure and low oxygen levels create a harsh environment. Squalene is believed to have been created by deep sea sharks in their enormous liver, which can weigh up to 25% of their body weight, to survive in such a harsh environment, and is the source of their strength and vitality.
When ingested, squalene reduces the amount of water in the body and absorbs hydrogen, from which oxygen is formed.
Squalene is found in the liver oil of deep sea sharks, which live in deep waters where oxygen levels are extremely low, and it is believed that squalene can play a role in supplying the body with essential oxygen
Squalene was discovered in 1906 by Dr. Mitsumaru Tsujimoto, a researcher in the field of oleochemistry, who named it so because of the high squalene content in the liver oil of sharks of the family Squalidae. In 1931, Professor Kahler of the University of Zurich, Switzerland, discovered the chemical formula for squalene, which led to a series of clarifications of the chemical reaction process, its function and consequences.
Squalene was first used externally in luxury cosmetics and other products, but now, due to its high functionality, it is also used as a supplement for internal use.
Squalene has the ability to replenish oxygen. When squalene enters the body, it absorbs hydrogen from the water in the body and turns it into squalane. In the process, squalene produces oxygen. The oxygen produced by the conversion of squalene to squalane is carried by the blood through the body, reaching oxygen-deficient cells and supplying them with oxygen. This is why squalene is also known as an "oxygen carrier".
Squalene is also produced by the human body and is found in the skin, lymph nodes and bone marrow. However, the amount of squalene in the body decreases with age, starting around age 25, which can lead to a lack of oxygen in the cells. As the number of oxygen-deficient cells increases, metabolism and other functions decrease, and the skin shows signs of aging, such as spots, wrinkles and sagging. Squalene is particularly good at penetrating skin cells and moisturizing them, so it can be used externally or internally to treat mucous membrane inflammation.
Shark liver oil is one of the best sources of squalene and is found in deep sea sharks. The amount of squalene in shark liver oil is particularly high, about 70-85%, which is much higher than in other deep sea sharks. Squalene is not only found in deep sea shark liver oil, but also in olive oil, avocado oil, cottonseed oil and other food sources. However, the amount of squalene found in foods is much lower than in deep sea shark liver oil, so it is more effective to take pure squalene supplements.
Squalene supplements are usually made from natural liver oil that has been vacuum distilled* and refined to make soft capsules or tablets.
Squalene is also used for external use in various products, including nutrition and beauty creams, lipstick, foundations, medical ointments and suppositories.
Squalane is very easily oxidized and therefore used mainly in additives.
Squalane is produced by adding hydrogen to squalane and is used in topical cosmetics, such as cosmetic creams, because of its relatively stable properties.
Squalane retains the high penetrating and moisturizing properties of squalane, but is more resistant to oxidation in air.
Squalane and squalane are used differently because of their different properties.
* Vacuum distillation is a process in which a substance with a high boiling point at n
Squalene's ability to replenish oxygen throughout the body is said to boost metabolism.
Metabolism is the process by which the approximately 60 trillion cells that make up the human body are reborn at regular intervals through the action of DNA and RNA. When metabolism is normal, we can maintain our health, but when there is a lack of oxygen, metabolism cannot proceed normally.
Squalene's ability to replenish oxygen improves the oxygen-deficient state of cells and promotes cell renewal, thereby increasing metabolic efficiency.
Squalene is also considered effective for regeneration of healthy cells.
Squalene can help stimulate metabolism, which in turn stimulates skin cell renewal. When a person is about 20 years old, the skin turnover cycle is 28 days, but it gets longer and longer as we age, and by age 30-40 it is about 45 days.
Oral intake of squalene can help improve the appearance of skin because it promotes skin renewal and helps prevent spots, dullness, wrinkles and sagging. Squalene is also thought to have positive effects on the skin due to its high permeability and is used in the form of squalane in cosmetics and beauty creams as a highly effective moisturizing ingredient.
Squalene is thought to have a beneficial effect on liver dysfunction.
Liver dysfunction is a disease in which the liver is destroyed for a variety of reasons. If left untreated, it can progress to hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer.
The ability of squalene to replenish oxygen supplies also helps improve the function of each organ, in particular by supplying liver cells with an abundance of oxygen, liver activity is increased, liver function is restored and strengthened.
Squalene is thought to have beneficial effects on the immune system.
The immune system is a function of the lymph nodes, spinal cord, adrenal glands and liver to protect the human body from viruses and bacteria invading from the outside. The immune system fights bacteria and viruses through the work of immune cells in these areas that communicate with each other. Squalene activates the work of these immune cells, so it is believed that it can improve immune function.
Squalene is believed to have the ability to purify contaminated blood.
Dirty blood is a mixture high in hydrogen ions (H+), and it has been reported that diabetics have high levels of hydrogen ions in their blood.
Squalene is believed to reduce the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood by removing excess hydrogen ions from it. This reduction in hydrogen ions has been shown to purify the blood and can lead to improved blood flow.
Squalene can be obtained from deep sea shark liver oil. This product is recommended for people:
1] The amount of sebum on the surface of the skin decreases in both men and women after the age of 20, more quickly in women than in men.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 448170
2] Squalene is present in the body as an intermediate metabolite of cholesterol synthesis. Oral administration to mice has been shown to increase nonspecific immunity (innate immunity) and reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9988781
3] Forty women over age 50 received 13.5 g/day or 27 g/day of squalene for 90 days. The results showed that squalene increased type I collagen precursors, reduced UV-induced DNA damage in human skin and had an anti-aging effect on photostained skin.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19522983
4] Squalene is present as the main component of oils and fats on the surface of the skin and exhibits softening and antioxidant properties.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19169201
5] Squalene has unique physical and functional properties and performs antioxidant and oxygen-transfer functions. It is believed to reduce hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease, and studies of squalene functionality in vivo and in vitro are ongoing.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20874681
6] Squalene has the ability to eliminate singlet oxygen on the surface of human skin and reduce lipid peroxidation.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7742356
7] Feeding rats 2% squalene as bait for 45 days has been reported to reduce LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17201641
